Yes, Cataphiles is definitely a goth band because most of their albums belong to the Deathrock genre, which is a core subgenre of goth music. Albums like Cataphiles and Shadow Self are examples of their goth sound.
One of the other goth artists that is similar to them is Come To Ruin.
Cataphiles is located in Germany, Bremen, active in 2021 — present. You can find more information about Cataphiles on their GothDB band page.